Waste Management Strategies in Australia

Table of Contents Situational Analysis Energy Situation Waste Situation Problems of Landfills Waste-to-Energy Technologies Conclusion Reference List Waste Management in Australia is becoming a serious issue. This is because the population of the country is increasing leading to the creation of more waste. In addition, the rate of growth of urban centres is leading to the generation of concentrated pools of waste. Australia uses landfills to dispose waste.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management Strategies in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Landfills ensure that waste does not become an eyesore. However, landfills lead to other problems in the environment, and rob the country of waste recycling opportunities. This paper proposes that Australia is better off generating energy from waste, rather than dumping the waste in landfills. Situational Analysis The situation in Australia in regards to energy and waste has several facets. The country has a very large land area, which it can use for waste disposal. However, this strategy is not sustainable given the long-term impact of current waste disposal practices. Energy Situation Australia has vast mineral deposits. The minerals include coal, gas, and oil. However, the quantity of these energy deposits is not sufficient to guarantee energy supplies for the country. The amount of oil produces in Australia peaked in 2000 and has been dropping since (ABS 2010). The country has not developed any new wells in the recent years. This has made Australia a net importer of oil. The country’s reserves are not sufficient to meet its domestic needs. Therefore, the country imports large quantities of oil. In fact, Australia’s trade balance is import-biased. The country imports more goods and services than its exports to other countries. The country’s energy supply is not growing at the same rate with its energy demand . Models indicate that if the country does not make an effort to increase its energy production facilities, it will become necessary to ration power in some states as early as 2014 (ABS 2010). In this regard, Australia needs to think about how to increase energy supply in line with its growing needs. The country has very few renewable energy projects despite vast potential for ethanol production, and energy generation from solar and wind. The country has vast deserts that would be ideal for solar power generation. It can also produce ethanol for blending with imported oil to reduce its overall reliance on imported oil.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, the country has a very long shoreline that can support the production of vast quantities of wind power. This shows that the country has a lot of potential to change its energy mix. Eventually, the country wil l need to address its energy situation because the current mix is unsustainable. Waste Situation Waste management in Australia is becoming a matter of increasing concern. The population centres in the country are increasing in number. This is in turn increasing the amount of waste generated in settlements. The increase in the quantity of waste generated in the country has a direct link to the increase in the per capita income of the country. The country’s income per capita went up in the last ten years. There is a link between increases in income per capita and increases in the quantity of waste (Dhir, Newlands Dyer 2003). Thirdly, the country relies on landfills for the disposal of most of its waste. The volume of waste disposed in landfills went up by 12% between 2001 and 2007 (ABS 2010). The volume of waste disposed in landfills in 2001 was 19 million tonnes (ABS 2010). This volume grew to 21.3 tonnes in 2007 (ABS 2010). This trend shows that the rate of growth in the vol umes of waste disposed in Australia went up significantly. However, the growth in the rate of waste disposed in landfill is still on the rise because is the increase in the total volume of waste produced by landfills. There is increasing interest in diversion of waste from landfills to recycling plants. The amount of water diverted from landfills increased from 36% in 1999 to 52% in 2007 (ABS 2010). This shows that the country’s interest in recycling of waste went up during this period. The degree of usage of landfills is still very high in Australia. Landfills are relatively cheap to use. However, they lead to several environmental concerns. Problems of Landfills Landfill technology arose from the need to find a permanent ways of dealing with waste. Waste disposal in landfills refer to burying of waste. This requires the excavation of large areas for use in dumping waste. It is also possible to use natural depressions for water disposal. Decommissioned mines are also ideal f or use as landfills because they reduce the amount of work needed to create a landfill.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management Strategies in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first concern associated with landfills is the emission of greenhouse gases (Khan, Prior Islam 2008). Landfills lead to the generation of greenhouse gases because of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. The gases produced in landfills include methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. Green house gases from landfills contribute towards global warming. The second problem associated with landfills is ground water pollution (Greg, Simonton Beruvides 2003). Landfills contain all types of waste, which include electronic waste. Over time, chemical pollutant in the waste and chemicals resulting from the decomposition of waste leech into ground water. This leads to groundwater contamination. This can affect agriculture and the use of groundwater for domestic or industrial uses. Thirdly, landfills affect land use. Usually, waste disposal companies cover landfills with a thick layer of soil and then compress it. This usually results in a flat surface that can support some uses, such as recreational activities. However, there are significant limits on the economic uses of such land. The volume of waste disposed in Australia shows that the land areas affected by landfills is quite large. Furthermore, this area is increasing. This means that the country is losing viable land to landfills. The fourth problem of landfill use is that they can give rise to spontaneous fires because of the production of methane (Dhir, Newlands Dyer 2003). If a landfill has sufficient organic matter such as food and agricultural waste, their decomposition will produce methane pockets. The methane can ignite spontaneously if there are exothermic reactions inside the landfill. Such fires can cause injuries, and usually lead to f urther air pollution from the landfills. Waste-to-Energy Technologies Australia has several options on how to convert its waste to energy. The conversion of waste to energy will lead to several benefits for the country. First, the country’s reliance in oil will reduce because it will have an alternative source of energy. Secondly, the damage that landfills currently cause to the environment will cease. This in turn will lead to a reduction in the global supply of greenhouse gases. A number of options exist for Australia on how to turn its waste to energy. The first option available to Australia is the conversion of organic waste to biogas. The production of biogas will take advantage of the food waste generated by Australian households, as well as organic waste from farms and factories. Biogas technology is now very advanced. It is possible to bottle it and send it to factories or homes that do not have piped gas. In addition, the country can develop biogas-powered power stat ions to generate electricity. The second option the country can use to convert its waste to energy is by making fuel pellets from organic matter (Greg, Simonton Beruvides 2003). Waste from industrial processing and agricultural processes can be compresses into energy pellets that can fuel pellet generators.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, the country can develop special incinerators that can burn all types of dry waste for heat recovery applications. Urban waste contains many types of materials. An incinerator can help to burn all this waste without the need of segregating it. This technology requires the use of flue gas cleansers to remove toxic materials from the stack smoke. It also calls for fly ash capture to eliminate air pollutants. The fourth energy recovery option is extracting certain types of waste for recycling. For instance, the country can cut its need for power to smelt aluminium by recycling aluminium cans. Recycling of waste reduces the need for manufacturing some products. Conclusion In conclusion, Australia has several options in regards to waste management. The best approach for handling its waste is by converting its waste to energy. The technologies already exist. The only requirement is investing in these technologies. Failure by the Australian government to invest in waste management technologies may lead to extensive environmental damage. Reference List ABS 2010, Waste: Waste Disposed to Landfills, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Landfill%20(6.6.4). Dhir, R, Newlands, MD Dyer, TD 2003, Sustainable Waste Management, Thomas Telford, Reston, VA. Greg, H, Simonton, J Beruvides, M 2003, ‘Engineering Economic Analysis of a Cotton By-Product Fuel Pellet Operation’, Journal of Cotton Science, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 205-216. Khan, MM, Prior, D Islam, MR 2008, ‘Zero-Waste Living with Inherently Sustainable Technologies’, in Perspctives on Sustainable Technology, Nova Publishers, New York, NY. This essay on Waste Management Strategies in Australia was written and submitted by user Zion Henderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Use of Vitamin Supplements essays

The Use of Vitamin Supplements essays The majority of Americans today lead a very fast paced and unhealthy lifestyle. Many times this type of lifestyle causes people to forget how important a balanced diet is. Also a lack of time drives them to fast food windows. This has caused many health conscious people to begin taking vitamin supplements. On one hand, it is good that people are trying to take care of their health and their bodies, but is supplementation really the answer? Many Americans have now begun to use supplements or multivitamins as a crutch, or an excuse to not change their eating habits. Can supplements or multivitamins make up for poor eating habits? Multivitamins and other vitamin supplements can only go so far. Taking a multivitamin to ensure that you are getting the recommended daily value is probably a safe choice, as long as it is accompanied by a balanced diet. Vitamin supplementation could be a good thing on an individual level; for example if the person is anemic, taking an iron supplement may be in order. Can an individual solely rely on supplements and be healthy. Many believe that supplements can not provide a healthy diet as they do not have phytochemicals, such as color, taste, and aroma, which when lacking can affect a persons health. The problem of using supplements in place of a balanced diet should be explored further as more Americans are engaging in poor eating habits. Many of these are due to circumstances beyond their control. These circumstances lead them to supplement use an, easy way out. ...

Womens Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens Human Rights - Essay Example This paper is aimed at analyzing the very depth of Canada's women's rights. More specifically, this tackles the history of women's rights in Canada, the benefits that it has given to its populace - both for the men and women, and the comparison of Canada's women's rights versus that of the other countries. The United Nations' Charter protected the equal rights of women. The human rights of women is one of 12 critical areas of concern in the Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and was further elaborated at the 42nd session (1998) of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights/Iwe2-rights-en.asp, 2006). Canada was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979. CEDAW introduced a gender component to the rights outlined in other international human rights treaties. It sets international standards for eliminating gender discrimination (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights/Iwe2-rights-en.asp, 2006). This human rights of women remains a central foreign policy priority for Canada, both in bilateral discussions and in multilateral forum. Canada has been working so hard make women's human rights a strong focus of the Commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Human Rights, and Canada has actively promoted the integration of the human rights of women throughout the UN system (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights

Health Psychology Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Psychology - Article Example According to this model, every illness is the result of abnormal bodily processes such as biochemical disorders or neurophysiologic anomalies. This system is completely based on the western concept of medicine and is being used by health practitioners since the last 300 years. The discovery of antibiotics for treatment of chronic disease has been a major breakthrough in medical science and is the primary advantage of this system of treatment. Moreover, this model helps doctors to design treatment for patients efficiently, allowing them to reveal the current situation of the patient, the required appropriate situation, and thereby develop a course of action to make that happen. However, the model has been widely criticized since it views the human body as parts of a machine which needs to fixed or repaired if something goes wrong. Secondly, it is a single factor model which reveals a reductionist view of illness deducting it to merely low-level processes such has disordered cells and mechanical disparities (Taylor & Sirios, 2012, 6). The biopsychosocial model is an interdisciplinary model that assumes that health and illness are caused by a multiple interaction of biological, psychosocial, and socio-cultural factors. According to this model, ecological systems, social system, psychological system, biological system, and physical system, all together play a crucial role in determining health and illness. The major advantage is that it involves multiple factors in treatment which allows it cover both the macro-level processes (social, psychological, biological) and micro-level processes (physical) related to health. Secondly, it involves developing an effective relationship between the patient and the practitioner thereby, leading to a speedy recovery (Taylor & Sirios, 2012, 7). However, according to some researchers, this model fails to guide on how to prioritize one factor over the other since it covers various factors. As a result,

Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work

Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work Pashan DeShields Introduction Throughout the years of being a social worker, a person can come across many different ethical dilemmas. An ethical dilemma involves being faced with a situation where a decision must be made under circumstances where ethical principles are in conflict. Dealing with these types of things, there is really no perfect answer that can conform to all of the ethical principles in the professional codes. Due to the fact that social workers have established guide lines for difficult situations, we can do better decision making. Ethical Dilemma. Jennifer, 23, is a student working at a halfway house for men on parole, who are also substance abusers. This is part of her final 480 hour field internship. Jennifer is very attracted to Sly, a 26-year-old, handsome client who is also quite charming. She finds it very difficult to avoid responding to his flattering, flirtatious advances. She is halfway through her placement and is finding it extremely difficult not to respond to Sly and secretly date him. The agency has a strict policy that no worker should date a client within six months after either have left the agency. Jennifer finds herself preoccupied thinking about him much of the time. She feels that she’s losing control. Professional values that apply to the dilemma. A professional value cited in the NASW Code of Ethics that was used in this case in â€Å"Integrity†. It tells us how social worker’s should continuously be aware of their mission, values, as well as ethical standards. (p.6) Jennifer forgets her mission and the standards required to obtain this career. She was there on her internship and allowed herself to get caught up in a conflict of interest. In the code, it describes the precautions needed when facing this kind of dilemma. At all times, social workers should be alert and try to avoid having conflicts of interest. Worker’s professional role and boundary issues involved. Jennifer is taking on the role as an intern which means that she should be following the guide lines for the â€Å"Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to the client†. One of the boundaries that have been crossed is Conflicts of Interest. According to the code, social workers should not engage in any dual relationships with clients or former clients (p.9). They should establish appropriate boundaries. This applies to Jennifer and Sly’s situation since they both cannot resist the flirting and are hiding their dating life. They are involved in a dual relationship. She is already in violation with site of where she is interning, who gave a strict rule of no dating clients within six months of leaving the agency. Another boundary that has been broken is Sexual Relationships. This tells us that for no reason should a social worker participate in any type of sexual contact with a client, whether it was consented or forced. (p.13) Jennifer and Sly may not have had a moment of intimacy, but according to the dilemma, they are close to doing so. She can’t resist his advances and is finding it hard to control herself in secretly dating him. They are young, optimistic, and flirtatious; it is very possible that a mishap can occur. What emotions, wants, and needs might characterize the worker involved in the scenario? It could appear that she is looking for an outlet herself and has found it in this relationship. Sometimes we search for answers through things, hoping that we will find our help as well. It is very important that a social worker is healthy and whole in every aspect of their life. As a social worker, you have been given trust by your patients that you will help them receive what they need and live a fulfilled life. Alternatives available for the worker to take. Although Jennifer feels that her situation is becoming too much, there is alternatives that she can take to lessen the stress of the situation. Since she is attracted to him and is very tempted by him, she should address her feelings, sooner than later. She is halfway through with her internship and to not look bad, she should tell the site director. There, the supervisor or her educator can tell her what may be the best route for her to take in regards to her maybe later being employed at which she is interning. Or perhaps there should be a termination of the professional relationship. She should let Sly know that she will no longer be professionally working with him and find him another practitioner where he could still get proficient help from. Or, she could even just keep what has already been going on a secret. She and Sly can secretly date and wait until the 6 month rule has expired that allows her to date a client. Potential positive and negative consequences for each alternative. Weighing the pros and cons of each alternative is a common perspective in various aspects of social work practice. It is also useful in resolving ethical dilemmas. A pro in being upfront with her supervisor is that she will possibly gain respect. She could tell the truth about her and Sly and how now avoiding him is hard and she doesn’t want to go against the code. The supervisor will see that the intern is aware of her professional responsibilities and wants to maintain the upmost respect of her patient. She could keep her internship and the client could possibly be relocated. Or, the supervisor may not trust Jennifer still being at the site since she has acted unethically. He/she may have to report her which could lead to Jennifer missing out on a good job opportunity. This record may also follow her to future job employments. Then, there is terminating the client. If they terminate Sly as a client, a positive would be that she won’t be distracted in her work place. She can be more focused in completing her internship. This is usually the approach that is used for those who have been involved in dual relationships. Also, Sly can really continue to get the help that he needs instead of being at the facility flirting with the newly, young worker. However, in a termination, the clients’ reaction to things can be very negative. Sly can go into a mode of denial or even rage. He may not believe that they are removing him or even get mad that Jennifer is allowing this to happen. By being enraged, this could also cause Sly to relapse back into his substance abuse. Lastly, she could keep the romance between them a secret. The pro in this is that she can continue to work on landing a good job while establishing a relationship with someone she likes. Due to the fact that Jennifer has already stated the frustration in trying to be in a secretive relationship, this could very quickly turn into a negative. She could ultimately be looked down on and could lose respect and a job. Also, she and Sly’s relationship may not even be long lasting for her to be risking her career. She would be better off being upfront and showing concern with following the code and respecting what is asked of her by the job instead of keeping it a secret, possibly ending up with the same outcome. Professionally, it would look better for her to do so. How might each alternative affect the client and the worker/client relationship? Ways in which the alternatives can affect the client and the worker/client relationship can come in a lot of forms. Action that the worker should take that would be the most ethical and appropriate for both worker and client? Ethical choices must be made to allow people to survive and thrive, existing with their basic needs met. There must be a decision made in regards to what is best for the social worker to take. However, before that decision has been made, critical thinking has had to have taken place. It is imperative to use critical thinking and ethical decision making to achieve the optimal result. She should talk the issue over with her supervisor or get counseling help. Face and evaluate the serious negative consequences for both her and Sly. Ultimately, she should terminate their professional relationship, referring Sly to another practitioner so that his services will continue. Extent to which individual professional discretion is required. It is very important that when dealing with a situation like this, nothing is said or done that causes offense or reveals any private information. You have taken an oath to the service of humanity and to social justice. As a professional, the welfare of your patient is your first priority and the main focus is to make sure the client receives what he/she needs. Conclusion Sadly, the pattern associated with Jennifer’s unethical involvement is noticed in a small percentage of social workers, who have been associated with inappropriate behavior with their clients. Although this behavior is known, many social workers have upheld their oath and maintain a high expectancy of the honor and tradition of the social work profession.

Role of Negotiable Instruments

Role of negotiable instrumentnts in boosting trade and commerce: Negotiable instruments such as cheques, bills of exchage, prommissory notes etc are playing a vital role In today's boosting trade and commerce. One of the reason behind the expanding of the trade and commerce so rapidly is also the negotialble instruments. In trade the transactions are now becoming aso much depending on the negotiable instruments. Where in commerce also the negotiable instruments are helping us in the following ways.Helpful in Buisness: imagine how it is possible to get the business products for resale purpose without the use of money. This is happening just because of the negotiable instruments. Furthur suppose that you want to do a business of refrigrators but you do not have the money to purchase the refrigrators for resale purpose. And also if you do not have any other resource to get the money for purchase you can still purchase the products for your business pupose with the help of the negotiable instruments.Negotiables such as promissory note and specially the bills of exchange are specially made for this purpose. Bills of exchange hepling many people who do not have the money to spend money as capital in their business. No need to carry cash with you : Due to the negotiable instruments it is became so easy to make payments through negtiable instruments such as cheques etc so that the use of cash is not their because most of the times when you are taking cash with you anywhere it is not felt secure that because the cash may do theft by any one.In other words you can say that negotiable instruments make us feel confident to deal at any place without the use of cash. Instant reciepts and payments of the dealings and transactions: We don’t need to wait for days to get money from the bank and from the other places but instead of it we just have to pay in the form of negotiable instrument such as cheque etc so that the people to whom we have to pay would receive that amo unt instantly.

Social Change Essay Topics Tips

Social Change Essay Topics Tips Therefore, you will know all that is required. There are lots of social changes that have happened in earlier times and societal changes will continue to occur. There's also a notion of relative poverty in the united states within the framework of which an individual doesn't have the adequate supply of resources that could ensure much better lifestyle and way of living. Anyway, you'll certainly like our price policy. A good example of an immediate action is a strike. Quite simply, when a particular problem affects one particular country, in addition, it can have a deteriorating influence on the community of some other nation. First of all you have to understand what social work is. Explaining how to spend less by utilizing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. Whenever you have so many topics to speak about, choose what you're passionate about and it's going to be super-easy that you develop a considerable argument for it. Deciding on an apt thesis topic is the very first step to success, that's the reason it is important to take it seriously. Don't neglect to get a Kibin editor review your final paper to make certain it's on the right path. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can trust the very best essay help online. Top Social Change Essay Topics Secrets It's also just as important to maintain adequate degree of mutual trust so that children could seek out assistance from parents in case they've become victims of cyber-bullying. A lot of their life surrounds socialising with family members and friends. As stated by the UN Convention, prostitution is regarded among the crimes which are also affecting kids and teenagers. The best approaches to accept the society and help it become accept you. Folks say that certain changes in the society have to be made for the nation to move forward. Social networking is a huge resource to seek things you don't cognize and that lets you go knowing about things you needed to cognize. Students will be expected to be the biggest group of prospectiv e users of this sort of site. Self Help model is all about a group of individuals seeking to help themselves on their own. Staying healthy is among the key trends. If there's absolutely no style of changing what's happening, it isn't a social matter. On the flip side, as stated by the conflict theory, change is inevitable and frequently beneficial. It contributes to inadequate education, environmental degradation and a good deal of other social issues. A number of them cannot lead the usual means of life for a consequence. These days, prostitution is a sort of business and frequently people become involved in it for business purposes (i.e. pornography). The future of earth is uncertain. Now days there are lots of social work organizations that operate all over the world. The Hidden Truth About Social Change Essay Topics Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Specifically, it's regarded as a severe type of sexual exploitation and a sort of slavery. In Australia, it is set via the use of unique techniq ues, or approaches, but there's no clearly defined measure. Because of all of these different cultures colliding, social problems are typical. Get the Scoop on Social Change Essay Topics Before You're Too Late There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. You will need to provide your readers enough information in order that they fully realize what you're writing about. Be certain to include relevant historical particulars. By way of example, today, the old-fashioned face-to-face conversation was phased out by social networking platforms which promise more connectivity no matter distance. Other folks point to media and societal pressures.