Psychoanalytic Criticism Originated In The Work Of Austrian

Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Freud discovered that most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control. One of Freud’s most important contributions to the study of the psyche is his theory of repression: the unconscious mind is a repository of repressed desires, feelings, memories, wishes and instinctual drives. A principal element in Freud’s theory is his assignment of the mental processes to three psychic zones: the id, the ego and the superego. Freud’s theories have launched what is now known as the psychoanalytic approach to literature. Looking at Heart of Darkness from this approach, Heart of Darkness explores something more†¦show more content†¦In the novel, Conrad draws an image of Africa as the â€Å"other world,† the antithesis of a civilized Europe, a site where man’s accumulated years of education and sophistication are confr onted by a striking savagery. The story opens on the River Thames, calm and peaceful. It then moves to the very opposite of the Thames, and takes place on the River Congo. However, It’s not the flagrant difference between the two that perplexes Conrad but the underlying allusion of intimate relationship, of â€Å"common ancestry,† since the Thames was itself a dark place, but one that has managed to civilize, to enlighten itself and the world, and is now living in the light. The peaceful Thames, however, runs the terrible risk of being stirred by its encounter with its â€Å"primordial relative, the Congo;† it would witness the reflection of its own forsaken darkness and would hear the sounds that echo its remote gloomy history. The Thames would fall victim to the ghastly reminiscences of the irrational frenzy of the primitive times (Achebe 262-3). Marlow, a man of discipline and justice, was expecting such values to exist elsewhere. They became a kind of psychological expectations. Marlow discovers that not all men share his belief in an orderly, fundamentally good society. His journey is full of elements of absurdism, elements that hint at a world that is suddenly irrational and out of focus. Marlow is fascinated by theShow MoreRelatedHeart of Darkness in the Light of Psychoanalytic Theories.4599 Words   |  19 PagesPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychologicalRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism4502 Words   |  19 PagesHeart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivatedRead MoreWith Time, All Things Change1800 Words   |  8 Pagesunrealistic infatuation with Daisy Buchanan and idealization of his American Dream. Literary criticism is a broad term used to define the different theories in which a reader can critique literary works. It began with formalism in the 1920 s and has evolved into many different theories that cover gender studies, historicism, deconstruction, etc. Psychoanalytic theory originated from the Austrian psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis (Rivkin Ryan, p.389)Read MoreFreudian Psychology: Main Ideas3015 Words   |  13 PagesFreudian Psychology: The Main Ideas Psychoanalysis is Sigmund Freud’s work, thought to be created between 1900 and 1939, which still is a very vibrant thread in history and psychology today. According to Sigmund Freud the unconscious mind is a reservoir of repressed impulses and desires in your mind, while you may be completely awake you are still unaware of the mental processes that are taking place. Though the repressed impulses control the way we think, act, and above all feel. Freud also

How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 844 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Communism Essay Did you like this example? The book How we Survived Communism and Even Laughed is written by Slavenkia Drakulic. Based in 1990, Drakulic shares her journey about traveling to various Eastern European countries to converse with women about their lives in their communist countries. This essay will be discussing and exploring the hardships men and women had to face under their communist countries, specifically the lack of goods/products, the challenges/burdens women faced, and the authors reasoning on why she believed communism failed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed" essay for you Create order The book discusses the authors personal experiences she has endured in a communist country, but primarily focuses on the stories of other womens personal journeys, feelings, opinions, and hardships they had to face. Throughout the book Drakulic maintains a huge dislike for her communist country. A huge problem that people had to face was the lack of goods and products they could obtain. A considerably important product Drakulic discusses in her book is the shortage of toilet paper. In the United States, we see toilet paper as a necessity, a day to day product used by the whole nation. However, the citizens of these communist countries are denied to this necessity and our forced to accommodate with what they have. In these European countries toilet paper is considered a luxury item, and if that is the case we know there is a huge problem. Drakulic states Progress in communism was marked by better and better quality toilet paper. (Drakulic 72) People were forced to use other items such as newspaper in replace of toilet paper thus revealing the way these people had to survive and be resourceful. Aside from this dire necessity women where denied the basic products they should be provided, and theref ore humiliated. Tampons and sanitary were luxury items and many did not have access to them. Ultimately leading women to a state of humiliation and feeling degraded. Alongside the lack of these necessities came along with the undesirable living situations. Drakulic goes into detail about how families were forced to live in cramped apartments with their family members and sometimes people they didnt know. Families who were lucky where the ones who had grandparents/parents whom already obtained an apartment. The outrageous price of the apartments and the lack of them made it difficult for families to move on with their new families or out of their parents home. Again, showing how limited and impossible it was for people of communist counties to explore the possibly of freedom and life on their own. The lack of privacy was another huge disadvantage for the people of communist countries. Everywhere people went, their lives were monitored from their phone calls to eating out at a restaurant. They were always being watched. Their only escape was at home. And although they wanted their own freedom, the citizens did not desire such thing because of the principles placed upon them. Overall, the lack of childrens toys, privacy, food, and apartments to the lack toilet paper, men, women, and children were denied important, normal, and crucial items and products they needed to live a healthy/normal life. It appears that in a communist country, all are said to be equal both men and women. However, though they semi- accomplished this by making it hard for women to access cosmetics and create their own sense of style, women were often degraded, humiliated and treated as less than. Cosmetics were luxury products to women and an ideal way to separate your looks from the rest. Women had a huge desire to create an identity for themselves. Women not being able to feel different led to low self-esteem and depression. Drakulic states Without a choice of cosmetics and clothes ..it wasnt at all hard to create the special kind of uniformity that comes out of an equal distribution of poverty and the neglect of peoples real needs. There was no chance for individualism † for women or men (Drakulic 23). Sexism was huge problem in communist countries, because though the government tried to create equality between the two there was question about who would do what type of work ex. house work, office work. Drakulic states What is one supposed to call hand-washing of laundry, scrubbing floors, or ironing? The answer is: just womens work (Drakulic 46). This quote shows that although equality was the goal, their standards would never be met because of deep-rooted sexism towards women. Overall women were faced with many challenges and burdens. They were denied the ability of individualism, were treated as less then, and denied the necessities a woman needs. Lastly Darkulic discusses why she believes communism has failed. A variety of reasons were believed to have caused such failure. One being the lack of consideration and support for the people. Darkulic states it failed because of distrust, because of a fear for the future. True people did collect out of povertya poverty in which the whole country is deprived, everybody is poora state of life that hardly changesbecause deep down nobody believed in a system that was continuously unable to provide for its citizens basic needs.( Drakulic 189)

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children - 1207 Words

Shadows of Violence Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, regardless of their race, gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, or other factors. In the homes where violence and abuse are present, every member of the family is affected. Almost every healthy intimate relationship experiences ups and downs, but when the behavior of one person consistently tears down the other person -whether physically, mentally, emotionally, or economically- it is considered abuse. The abuse usually is an attempt by one partner to exert control through intimidation, fear, verbal abuse, threats, or even physical violence. Domestic violence is a global problem of enormous proportions. Although men are sometimes victims, the larger portion of them are women. Victims of domestic violence are usually isolated from friends, family, and neighbors and lose their network of social support. The effects of domestic violence may include physical abuse, psychological traumas, or financial difficulties. First, physical abus e is one of the outcomes for the victims of domestic violence. Physical violence can include: hitting, slapping, throwing objects, restraining, and battery. Battering is a major cause of injury to women and more prevalent that auto accidents, rapes, or muggings. The fact that one in four women is a victim of severe physical violence by an intimate partner is presented by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in The National Intimate Partner and Sexual ViolenceShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1387 Words   |  6 Pages Literature Review: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children By Taralyn Dean SW 8570 March 11, 2015 Introduction Today this paper will be exploring the affects of intimate partner domestic violence and how this impacts the children. The children of theses situations are the bystanders of these physical and emotional events. This paper will review in depth what other professionals are saying about the children of the domestic violence relationships and also the findings andRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn a similar study by Ybarra, Wilkens, Lieberman (2007) the goal was to determine if domestic violence leads to functioning shortfalls, and what its effects it has on a child’s behavioral and cognitive functioning. In homes where domestic violence happens, young children are more likely to witness violence than older children. It was hypothesized that children who witnessed violence at home had lower verbal capabilities, and would display greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors. ParticipantsRead MoreEffect of Domestic Violence on Children692 Words   |  3 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ID: S99003183; URIAM ROBATI ABSTRACT Domestic Violence has a great effect on children. Domestic violence also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse or child abuse is recognized as a pattern of abusive behavior by one or both partners especially those in marriage. This coercive behavior is used against another person to obtain power and control over the other party in a relationship. Domestic violence takes many forms such as physical violence which includesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Children1541 Words   |  7 Pageslife. Domestic abused affect women and children. Lots of women are more at risk in their own home. Spouse abuses happen when one person in the marriage chooses to control the other party by using fair intimidation physical, emotional abuse. Domestic violence displaced many families because they are trying to get away from their abuser. Abuse can range from physical, mentally, emotional or psychological. One of every 5 woman are said to have experience an abuse from their partner. The effect of DomesticRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children908 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Domestic Violence on Children by Mary Pelham English 1010-19 5 October 2011 Pelham i Outline I. Effects on younger children A. Feelings of deprivation Read MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Many children witness domestic violence each day. Most times, children witness their mothers being abuse by their fathers, step-fathers, or mother’s boyfriends. According to Couchenour and Chrisman (2011), â€Å"Women and children are at greater risk of being victims of abuse than are men† (p. 131). Witnessing violence or being abused at home has serious effects on children. This article explains the short-term and long-term effects that domestic violence hasRead MoreEffects Of Domestic Violence On Children990 Words   |  4 Pagesexposed to domestic violence at an early age, that child adapts to these adverse circumstance and situations (Holmes, 2013). Therefore, children who are regularly exposed to domestic violence may initially display less aggressive behaviors than children who are never exposed. However, this is due to their fear of being a victim of a physical assault (Holmes, 2013). This finding was interesting because it shows how deeply the children are affe cted by exposure to domestic violence. The children become

Atticus, Throughout to Kill a Mockingbird - 925 Words

Atticus, throughout the novel Throughout the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, although Atticus Finch appears to be a loving and caring father, he proves himself to be more of a friend through the eyes of his children. The author, Harper lee, created Atticus to be a loyal friend to Jem Finch and Scout Finch. Atticus has potential to be a friend to his children because, first of all, the children call him by his first name. Secondly, he seldom scolds his children. Atticus has little or no rules set for his children to abide by. Lastly he does not try to mold his off springs into something they are not, though he does supply them with good advice. Typically adults and parents think that it is more respectful for children,†¦show more content†¦This shows that Atticus was not going to force Scout to like school just because he thought it was a good decision. When scout got into a fight with Cecil Jacobs, Atticus said, â€Å"†¦you just hold your head high and keep your fists down. No matter what anybody tells you, don’t let ‘em get your goat. Try fighting with your head for a change, it’s a good one†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 79) this is important because it shows that he is not forcing his daughter to think some way, or be someone else, he is not even getting mad at her; he is just giving her good advice. When Jem and Scout got guns for Christmas, Atticus told them one thing, â€Å"...Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† This shows that Atticus is not threatening his children with this statement, he is just simply giving them the best advice he can in this situation. Friends do not expect each other believe the same things they believe, but just hope that people will take their advice into thought. Throughout the novel although Atticus Finch appears to be a loving and caring father, he proves himself to be more of a friend through the eyes of his children. He shows himself to have much potential as a loyal friend to his children. Maybe Atticus as a loyal friend to Jem and Scout was more meaningful than him being a fatherShow MoreRelatedHope in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee911 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is extensively a story of hope. Hope is to wish for something with expectation of its fulfilment and to have confidence; trust. This is shown through the themes, issues and the characters in the novel. Atticus represents hope, he is optimist. He is from the higher class and defends the lower class and still has the anticipation to win. The Finch family has hope as Atticus has taught his children to be accepting and have open-minds. Racism and prejudice, giveRead MoreThe Moral Ambiguity Of Atticus Finch1519 Words   |  7 Pagesmoral ambiguity of Atticus in Go Set A Watchman more effective in portraying the issues within racism than Atticus as an upstanding scrupulous character in To Kill A Mockingbird? The public grew to love Atticus Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird, but when he morphed to display all of the ideals he had reviled within Go Set A Watchman the public opinion began to change. Racism was rampant throughout the 1900s, resulting in major criticism when Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird was published inRead MoreQuotes To Kill A Mockingbird1096 Words   |  5 Pagessaid. ‘Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.’ † (Lee 119) This symbolic and significant statement is found being spoken by Miss Maudie, a neighbor Jem and Scout were extremely fond of. Throughout the entire book, these incredible words find themselves thought of constantly by the reader. The mockingbird MissRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Justice1545 Words   |  7 PagesAtticus Finch Quote 1 Atticus, you must be wrong.... Hows that? Well, most folks seem to think theyre right and youre wrong.... (11.54-56) If theres one thing that we learned from jeggings, Uggs, and chain wallets, its that the majority isnt always right. But Atticus doesnt need anyone to teach him those lessons. He already knows that individual conscience is a better guide to justice than majority opinion. The theme of justice plays a major role in To Kill a Mockingbird. IdeallyRead MoreWhy Is Innocence Becomes Experience?1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn To Kill A Mockingbird there are several reason why innocence becomes experience. Phys.com stated â€Å"Between ages 5 and 11, the researchers found, children become aware that many people believe stereotypes, including stereotypes about academic ability. When children become aware of these types of bias about their own racial or ethnic group, it can affect how they respond to everyday situations.† This shows that Scout and Jem are in a time of their lives when racism will take effect. Not only becauseRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1259 Words   |  6 PagesLicked From the Beginning To Kill a Mockingbird, follows the story of a curious young girl named Scout, with a tomboyish nature. Her innocence is very clear at the beginning of the book, but as the story continues, Scout learns many valuable life lessons that dissolves her innocence. Through the adventures of her brother, Jem, her friend, Dill, and herself, they find that society isn’t always fair and equal in the very racist town of Maycomb, Alabama. Scout learns how to cope with her emotions,Read MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee663 Words   |  3 Pagescharacters in To Kill a Mockingbird is Atticus Finch. He is a good representation of someone that is strong while keeping in mind other’s feelings. Throughout the book Atticus is show as a kind man who really cares for the people of Maycomb County. However, he still demands justice when someone is treated unfairly, even for the likes of a black man. Atticus Finch is very influential and yet still listens to what needs to be heard. In â⠂¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† Harper Lee portrays Atticus as a man who valuesRead MoreThe Setting Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1354 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Name: Amy Lyons Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Author: Harper Lee Setting: The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird is a small town in south Alabama called Maycomb County in the early 1930s. Point of View: Harper Lee s first, only novel is written in first person due to the fact we see the whole story through Scout s perspective. Theme: One of the crucial themes that Lee based the novel on was racism, which was an extremely controversial topic at the time the book was publishedRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1244 Words   |  5 PagesWas Atticus Finch was the true hero of To Kill A Mockingbird? Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird narrates the journey of Scout Finch from an immature, feisty, close minded young girl, to a strong, brave and courageous girl that now knows the truth about Boo Radley the towns ‘freak’. Boo Radley is middle aged man who is known as a creep but by the end of the novel they realise that he is a nice man. Scout is the daughter of Maycombs brave and courageous lawyer, Atticus Finch who defends Tom Robinson

Road to Civil War Free Essays

Road to the Civil War Joshua Douglas Axia College University of Phoenix It seems the United States is always at war. Our founding fathers fought the British for freedom and the Indians for land. Colonist fought each other for rights to land to grow their crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Road to Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Slaves fought for freedom and independence in this new country they were forced to live in. Slave owners fought for the right to keep their slaves so they could profit from their work. Women fought for their rights to be equal, to work outside the home and to vote. The North and the South fought each other in a Civil War for their rights to own slaves and to outlaw slaves. Why are wars important? The impact of war may seem negative at time. The loss of life and resources is tragic but many times the outcome of the war moved the United States forward shaping her into the country she is today. Tobacco was the crop to grow. It grew successfully and was in demand. In 1620, the demand for tobacco reached an all time high and the prices of products in Europe rose. Many people from Europe were out of jobs and unable to afford the things they needed to survive and take care of their families. Many left Europe and traveled across the continent to the United States where they thought they would be able to survive. Many of the immigrants arrived in Chesapeake looking for work. They were called indentured slaves and were required to work a certain number of years. Most indentured slaves did not live their entire term due to hunger, disease and the general conditions and abuse they were put under. This was the starting point of slavery. The boom in tobacco was sure to end at some point. During these times, the economy rose and fell on a whim. Indeed, in the1630’s and 1640’s the tobacco boom settled down. Virginia became a more social and political state. Wealthy settlers rose to political offices. They formed militias and defenses to govern their parishes. Since tobacco had become less profitable, the slaves were not worked as hard. This allowed many slaves to survive long enough to finish their indentures. Once they had done this, many slaves started working as hired hands on the plantations. Many saved their money and eventually they were able to buy their own land and become independent planters making their own profits. The economy swung back up in the years following the War of 1812. A domestic market emerged cutting off complete dependence on world trade. Many inventors also emerged with products that would make Americans more efficient and would help produce more products. Eli Whitney was one such inventor. He invented the cotton gin which removed sticky seeds from the lint. This was a huge success. Slaves were now able to clean more cotton per day which caused the cotton production to grow in the lower south. By 1840 the South produced a large portion of the world’s cotton supply. The rise in industries also helped the transportation circuit to grow by creating railroads to transport goods quickly. The economy was great but there were still issues regarding slavery and human rights. Women started speaking out about their rights such as working outside the home. Abolitionist emerged and started also speaking out about slavery. Many Southern colonists like their slaves. They were able to produce large quantities of crops quicker because they had so many people working the fields. They profited and were wealthy. Slaves allowed them to live the lifestyle of the wealthy. Many Northern colonists did not agree with slavery. Slavery was wrong and went against the very grain of what this country was founded on. The country was clearly starting to divide over these issues. The Dred Scott decision in 1857 was a major turning point on the road to the Civil War. Dred Scott was a slave that lived in Missouri. His master had taken him to live in Illinois which was a free state. Eventually the owner returned to Missouri which was not a free state. Dred Scott sued for his freedom stating he went to live in a free state thus making him free and he should remain free. The case went to the Supreme Court. The court was made up of two northern judges and five southern judges. In the end, the ruling was 7 to 2 that Scott should remain a slave. Roger Taney of Maryland was a member of the Supreme Court. He was one of the judges that voted in favor of Dred Scott remaining a slave. He felt that African Americans were not and would never be a citizen of the United States and he made his opinion known. Around the country, the reaction to the decision varied. Many Southern colonists were happy with the decision. They wanted to keep their slaves and continue to profit off them and live the life of a wealthy man. While many Northern colonist felt this was unconstitutional. The Constitution of the United States was founded on the idea of freedom for all, not just a selected few. The result of this decision had a huge impact on the South. The decision spurred them to action. In 1861, South Carolina seceded from the Union and the rest of the South followed splitting the North from the South. The Civil War now loomed on the horizon. The Civil War was a significant part of the United States history. Our founding fathers traveled across the continent from Europe to the Americas. They were looking for a new life, freedom from an opposing ruler and oppression from the social classes. Many early colonists had died in this pursuit of freedom. The survivors kept soldiering on, continuing to explore this new land and bargain with the Indians and other countries that had laid siege to different territories. Many wars were fought in this pursuit of freedom. These events, however unfortunate they might be, started shaping our country into what it is today. Had the men and the women in this country just set back and did nothing, where would we be today? What would this country be like? The Civil War and the result of the outcome of the Civil War turned out to be one of the most instrumental parts of our history. Many men and women died in the pursuit of freedom and equality that allows us to enjoy the freedoms and rights we have today. References: Davidson, J. , Gienapp, W. , Heyrman, C. , Lytle, M. , Stoff, M. (2006). Nation of nations: A concise narrative of the American Republic (4th ed. ). Boston: McGraw Hill. How to cite Road to Civil War, Essay examples

Marketing Plan For Sustainable Market †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan For Sustainable Market. Answer: Introduction to the current situation Environmental depletion due to the activities undertaken by the people is a major threat to the world and the species at large. In order to make use of the sustainable resources and reduce the rate of pollution and the disposition of the wastes in the open environment, many steps are being enumerated. The consistent development that is noted in Australia based on the caffeine propensity or the peoples likeness to coffee is posing a serious contamination threat to the world due to the usage of the disposable cups. Non-Disposable coffee cups are supposedly made of paper, but according to the latest research it has been found that the cups contains traits of plastic which does not decompose thereby polluting the soil leading to contamination (Crocker 2017). According to certain stats, the single-use coffee cups accounts for a large amount of unnecessary wastes in the environment resulting to the pollution. The problem is due to the usage of the polyethylene which helps in making the cups waterproof. Polyethylene being non-biodegradable contaminates the soil and results to the issues of environmental degradation. The market for the disposable cups has grown in the recent years with respect to the rise in demand of the consumers and with the growing awareness of the environmental degradation, that is taking place invariably (Johnstone and Hooper 2016). Moreover, the basic advantages that the KeepCup or the re-usable cups offer outnumber the non-biodegradable cups (based on the report being provided in the Assignment 2). Objectives The objectives determine the growth and expansion of a product or service of an organization. In order to understand the requirements of the consumers and adhere to the tastes and preferences the company must formulate and keep a track of the objectives that help them in the end (Miles et al. 2016). The financial,marketing and the stakeholders objective of the KeepCup is being discussed in the section that follows. It helps in the better understanding of the situation business concern. Financial objective The transition from the usage of the non-biodegradable cups to the biodegradable KeepCup determines the market availability of the company and the revenue that is created in the process. The employment opportunities that the company created portray the growth of the company with respect to the return on the investment and their market availability. The very essence off the companys success is their motto of a litter free environmental structure, which is considered a noble cause for the transition (Armstrong et al. 2015). The simple idea made the change for not only the company but also helps in maintaining the responsibility of the company towards the environment. The involvement of the company in the social welfare with the schemes of discounts and the processes undertaken by the company helped in the growth of the organization. The company is now supplying its products to some thirty-three countries, which denote the expansion and is directly proportional to the financial stabilit y of the organization. Marketing objective The sustainable approach of the organization plays an important role, as there are competitors in the market with the same kind of product. Therefore, the concerned company must formulate certainmarketing strategies that would help them in sustaining their product in the market (Armstrong et al. 2015). The company can undertake surveys and clearly identify the changing requirements of the consumers and bring about the modifications accordingly. The company can also formulate certain discount schemes that might attract their customers. Recently the company has declared some discount schemes on the coffee for those carrying their product and it helped in attracting the consumers more effectively than its competitors. The company must also monitor over the quality of the product. At times, in order to increase the quantity of the product being manufactured the quality of the product is compromised. Stakeholders objective The company has a concern for the stakeholders and therefore it formulated the stakeholders objective in order to best serve the environmental needs. The company is focused on diminishing the rate of waste from the environment thus providing a cleaner environment by the production of the take-away cups (Dragon 2017). It simply took away the cause of the usage of the non-biodegradable paper cups that diminishes the rate of litter from the environment. Target market The products manufactured by the company are targeted to the universities in the nation. The students and those in the learning profession is the major source of the companys revenue as the product is essentially targeted to the same. There are other exceptions too, where the local people and the commoners can also opt for the product that is manufactured by the company. The market that the company has targeted is because of the fact that the students and the present generation are aware of the requirements of the transition, which is actually a necessity in order to make the environmental changes (Armstrong et al. 2015). Moreover, the students community is the largest user of the coffee cups from the cafeteria adjoining their campus. Therefore, by targeting the students the company hopes in achieving their common goal of promoting their product. The other consumers that the company target are mainly the common people and therefore the company has formulated an affordable price for their product through which every consumer can buy the product. Marketing strategies Every company formulates a marketing strategy in order to make a difference in the market and to undermine the effects of the comp[editors in the market. The concerned company y for this report has certain marketing strategies that help the organization in the sustainability process of the company in the end. The marketing strategies are being discussed in the section that follows, which helps in the better understanding of the market situation of the company and its products. Positioning Positioning of the product is an important step in the marketing process as it helps in the market availability based on the requirements and the demands of the target consumers. Moreover, it helps the company in determining the competencies that the product is going to face in the market and the turnover depending on the market availability of the product. The channels of communication that is chosen by the company to make the consumers aware of the existence of their product in the market is also an important phenomenon that gets included in the process of product positioning (Martin and Woodside 2017). The concerned company for this report have taken several surveys of the market in order to determine the core competencies that the product might face. It helped them in determining the objectives of the firm and in formulating the long-term objectives. Moreover, the advertising and distribution channels that they chose helped them in connecting with the target consumers, which helped them in positioning their product effectively in the market scenario. Product offering A product offering is the integral part of the marketing strategy undertaken by every company in order to make the product more evident in a competitive market. It may be a special offer that the company formulates in order to attract more customers or the services and the assistance that the consumer expects from the company. The concerned company for this report enjoys the confidence of the consumers and the target market at large and thereby successfully retains the brand loyalty (Copulsky, Richardson and Simone 2017). Moreover, the commodity manufactured by the company being a consumer good gets easily churned in the market- though it might face a stiff competition in the later years of its growth, but the brand loyalty helps in overcoming the obstacles of the competitive market. The Sustainable Competitive Advantage (CSA) of the company is strong enough to outnumber the interventions of the competitors due to the attractive offers that the company provides with and the brand loy alty it enjoys. Pricing The pricing strategy undertaken by the company in order to promote their product is formulated with the view of reaching out the product to the consumers. The company undertakes the penetration pricing strategy in which initially the company sets the price of a commodity lower than the competitors do in order to gain more consumers for the brand. Eventually as the consumers switch to the particular brand and the brand loyalty is established, the company marks the commodity with a comparatively higher price (Camman et al. 2017). The company while introducing a new commodity ion the market undertakes this kind of strategy. The company in its initial stages marked the commodity with a relatively lower price and provided the consumers with attractive offers that help in the retention rate of the target consumers. The increase in demand of the commodity and the diminishing cost of production, that goes hand in hand, provides the company with its return on the investment they have undertaken in the initial stages. Placement (distribution of the product) Distribution of the product that has been manufactured by the organization is an important aspect of marketing where the concerned company undertakes the distribution of the goods and services and monitors the proper market availability of the product. Market availability is an important criterion that helps in maintaining the brand loyalty and is therefore helpful in sustaining the product life cycle (Hansson and Mattsson 2017). Inconsistency or irregular flow of the product in the market might result to a loss of the brand loyalty, which is again an important factor that makes the competitors gain over the product. The channel through which the distribution is taken place is also an important factor affecting the availability of the product in the market. The relevancy of the channels and the cost effectiveness is determined by the correct choice of the channels. Marketing communications In order to excel in the marketing strategy a company must make use of the integrated marketing communications (IMC), which links the activities posthumously and sets an objective to fulfil the requirements of the company in regards to the strategy that the company undertakes (Kitchen and Burgmann 2015). The integration process helps in linking the consumers with the company through the various channels thereby helping the company in understanding the changing needs and requirements of the consumers and designing the product in accordance to the requirements. The feedback given by the consumers is an important aspect that helps in the gradual development of the product and makes way for the improvements in the production and supply of the commodity (Kanagal 2016). The concerned company undertakes the IMC in order to make the consumers aware of the importance of the usage of the cups that they are manufacturing and the environmental impacts that result to the degradation by the usage of the non- biodegradable cups. The effective communication that the company undertakes persuades the clients worldwide of the importance of the usage of the cups and the transition from the use and throws cups. Marketing implementation The last step of the strategy planning is the implementation of the strategy in the present market, which invariably denotes the effectiveness of the marketing plan. The growth of the company depends on the effectiveness of the marketing strategy and its successful implementation. The implementation of the strategy will be based on the activities on the activity and the type of the marketing that the company is undertaking. The marketing strategy is being implemented in the company since the inception of the business based on the requirements of the organization and the question of the profitability of the business idea (Camman et al. 2017). To be truthful to the business theory, a business survives on the return of investments, however the company is based on the objective of providing service but also with an aim of earning profit which helps in the sustenance of the organization. Budget KeepCup (in Australian Dollars) Budget Amount Actual Amount Difference Revenue 26000 24000 2000 Cost of Production 10000 12000 2000 Cost of Distribution 7000 4000 3000 Marketing Costs 5000 4500 500 Profit 4000 3500 500 Evaluation and control The importance of the marketing plan is based on the situation of the organization and the common goal that is required to be achieved. The proper monitoring of the important steps in the marketing of the product is an important aspect. The company is therefore required to formulate a plan for the proper monitoring of the implemented marketing strategies (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The concerned company for this report judges the financial and the marketing implementations and considers the stakeholders point of view in order to understand the situation of the company. Evaluating the steps and the further modifications that are required in order to make the organization retain its brand name is an important task that must be undertaken by the administrative team. Therefore, the processes that are enumerated must be considered an d revised and the objectives of the company that are based on the environmental friendly norms must be adopted in order to undermine the effects of the competitors in the market. References Dragon, N., 2017. Green healthcare: Our environmental warriors.Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal,25(1), p.18. Crocker, R., 2017.Somebody Elses Problem: Consumerism, Sustainability and Design. Routledge. Johnstone, M.L. and Hooper, S., 2016. Social influence and green consumption behaviour: a need for greater government involvement.Journal of Marketing Management,32(9-10), pp.827-855. Miles, M.P., Lewis, G.K., Hall-Phillips, A., Morrish, S.C., Gilmore, A. and Kasouf, C.J., 2016. The influence of entrepreneurial marketing processes and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on community vulnerability, risk, and resilience.Journal of Strategic Marketing,24(1), pp.34-46. Copulsky, J., Richardson, S. and Simone, M., 2017. Marketing technologies, customer data and analytics: Enabling responsive customer journeys and scalable marketing processes.Applied Marketing Analytics,3(2), pp.102-111. Martin, D. and Woodside, A., 2017. Learning consumer behavior using marketing anthropology methods. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Kitchen, P.J. and Burgmann, I., 2015. Integrated marketing communication: Making it work at a strategic level.Journal of Business Strategy,36(4), pp.34-39. Kanagal, N.B., 2016. Issues in Marketing Strategy Implementation.International Business Research,9(11), p.16. Hansson, I. and Mattsson, L., 2017. Product placement: A study of audience perception on brand recognition and congruence. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Camman, C., Fiore, C., Livolsi, L. and Querro, P., 2017. Managing Performance: Objectives and Managers' Needs.Supply Chain Management and Business Performance: The VASC Model, pp.1-97.

There can be no Knowledge without emotion Essay Example For Students

There can be no Knowledge without emotion Essay This point leads on to another knowledge claim, but which supports Bennetts statement: Before discoveries are made, emotions are needed to drive scientists to knowledge. Just last year, NASA found ice in the soil of Mars, suggesting how there could be water on the planet, possibly even extraterrestrial life. If scientists were not driven by passion, curiosity and hope emotions, they would surely not spend enormous sums of money and time on Mars explorations. Without the powerful urge to know if there is life beyond our planet, we would not hear of so many investigations of this kind in the outer space. In a similar fashion, for my extended essay, I would not have investigated the calorific values in crisps if I were not genuinely interested and curious about the topic-especially considering the length of the essay efforts put together. Finally, I will use the third area of knowledge, art, to explain why emotions are highly relevant in owning knowledge. A counter claim for this is that new ideas-a form of knowledge-for characters in literature can arrive without emotion. J. K. Rowling mentioned how Harry Potter suddenly came to her mind out of the blue. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that this knowledge of the character is gained before emotions come into play. Yet Rowling must attach emotional significance to Harry before he can be truly counted as a character, and be put to paper. From my own experience, I often see in my mind fleeting images of a boy, girl or creature with a certain appearance and personality. Yet only a few of them genuinely arouse me emotionally, interest me, and only these few count as real characters that I actually create in my stories. In fact, here is a very convincing supporting knowledge claim for Bennett: You cannot really learn and understand theories in art without emotion. When you see a painting with harmonious colours, if you do not try to feel how the colours merge gently into one another, you would probably not appreciate the smooth tranquility of the picture. In the same vein, when writing English essays, our teachers advise us to make the words flow and use compelling language. I used to wonder in vain what flow and compelling really mean. Are there any specific rules, sentence structures or words that will help me attain this? That was precisely my mistake. To really grasp and understand word flow and compelling language, I must rely on my emotional experience when I read and write. If I am reasonably happy with my stream of words, and if the language on the whole effectively evokes my emotions, then the essay is flowing and compelling. If not, it isnt. Still, the most convincing supporting claim, is that we need emotions to truly appreciate the beauty in art, like in literature. When I read Jane Austens Persuasion, there was a part where Anne and her lover Captain Wentworth are finally left alone to reveal to each other their undead love. Instead of explicitly stating they are secretly happy, Austen describes smiles reined in, spirits danced in private rapture. If I were emotionless, I would simply think this is a more elaborate, fancy way of saying the same thing: metaphors therefore being a waste of ink. Fortunately I do have emotions. By empathizing with them and imagining their exquisite joy and titillating tenderness, I can appreciate Austens craft of conveying this deeper emotional meaning to the reader with vivid imagery. Likewise, emotions help us understand the beauty and effect of music. In Somewhere by Within Temptation, the voices are long drawn calls; the music floods the ears with a resonating, languid richness. The music instantly stirs me with a deep, moving poignancy. Yet I would not be able to understand the alternating moments of soul-deep sorrow and lingering hope, if I could not feel emotions. Instead, I would probably say dispassionately that Somewhere is simply a specific combination and interaction of notes, rhythms, melodies and voices-nothing to fuss about at all. .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .postImageUrl , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:hover , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:visited , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:active { border:0!important; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:active , .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7babf199989ea02e192958d06ba6960e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Knowledge Essay SummaryTherefore, despite some counter claims that are reasonable to an extent, there are far more supporting claims, all strengthened by evidence that propose Arnold Bennetts claim. Thus, essentially, knowledge will not be ours until we have felt the emotional impact of it. Word Count: 1489 (not including title)